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Definition of gauge : 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.
2. Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.
3. Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; - usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.
4. Measure; dimensions; estimate.
5. Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it.
6. That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.
7. The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.
8. The distance between the rails of a railway.
9. The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.
10. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.
11. To measure or determine with a gauge.
12. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.
13. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of.
14. To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.

Synonyms:

concrete mixer, overestimate, connection, artery, pretend, butt, feeder, weed, backhoe, drill hole, standard of measurement, flame thrower, branch line, girth, barrel, eager, buffer, pronounce, calibre, touchstone, sens, imagine, extension, make, pass judgment, clip, length, baggage room, grindstone, underestimate, breadth, measure out, jackhammer, venture, benchmark, air pump, hammer, place, cutting, forge, read between the lines, size up, opine, eagre, gas turbine, count on, green goddess, valuate, clock, bore-hole, sound, adjudicate, big, label, dope, par, usual, grass, chamber, hazard, gage, spread, forecast, bayonet, come close, rating, pace out, sess, span, smoke, tidal bore, conjecture, aegir, width, assay, thickness, caliber, the Channel Tunnel, skunk, put two and two together, cement mixer, put, call, test, depth, quality assurance, register, baseline, bore, mete, try, locoweed, quality, pot, fit out, dullard

systematize, figure, calculate, reckon, quantize, rank, plan, compute, count, think, presume, sum, guess, conclude, suppose, value, consider, total, weigh, scheme, infer, schedule, assess, tally, determine, deduce, estimate, surmise, plot, approximate, program, score, study, rationalize, rate, judge, multiply, measure, account, evaluate, add, divide, quantify, triangulate, appraise, enumerate

micrometer, scale, square, dial, rule, yardstick, T square, level, compass, sextant, vernier, line, protractor, calipers, log, tape measure, straightedge, transit, ruler, rod

guideline, mark, criterion, check, norm, study at standard, standard

approximation, conclusion, computation, inference, arithmetic, algorithm, division, valuation, judgement, estimation, measurement, thought, calculus, enumeration, assessment, consideration, reckoning, evaluation, quantification, calculation, multiplication, algebra, mathematics, presumption, supposition, triangulation, system, appraisal, method, statistics, deduction, determination

Usage examples:

• Scotty swung one tank upright and prepared to attach the pressure gauge. - "The Wailing Octopus", Harold Leland Goodwin.
• It would be impossible to gauge just what Lorraine had to go through in her first few years on the stage. - "Winding Paths", Gertrude Page.
• It afforded the only gauge available as to the velocity and volume of the revolutionary revival. - "The New Germany", George Young.