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Definition of theorem : 1. A statement of a principle to be demonstrated.
2. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule.
3. To formulate into a theorem.

Synonyms:

theory, fundamental, doctrine, dictum, law, universal, order

inference, assertion, motif, contention, dissertation, subject, principle, postulation, text, argument, topic, axiom, consideration, statement, belief, theme, concept, opinion, query, assumption, paradigm, basis, presumption, essay, thesis, idea, issue, exposition, question, hypothesis, premise, conjecture, point, problem, position, matter

Usage examples:

• Do not do all your thinking and investigating in front of given " Q. E. D. 's;" merely assembling reasons to fill in between your theorem and what you want to prove will get you nowhere. - "The Art of Public Speaking", Dale Carnagey (AKA Dale Carnegie) and J. Berg Esenwein.
• A character uniting a happy association of ideas has the same effect upon the eye of the Chinese, as a general theorem expressed in symbols has on a mathematician; but in both cases a man must be learned to feel the beauties of the concise expression. - "Travels in China, Containing Descriptions, Observations, and Comparisons, Made and Collected in the Course of a Short Residence at the Imperial Palace of Yuen-Min-Yuen, and on a Subsequent Journey through the Country from Pekin to Canton", John Barrow.
• Does he not recognize in this condensed statement Kant's theorem that time is a mental condition, which only exists in man, and for man, and has no place in the external world? - "The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne", Frank Preston Stearns.