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Definition of theory : 1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis; speculation.
2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any science; as, the theory of music.
3. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments.
4. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and practice of medicine.

Synonyms:

plea, rationale, opening, systemization, outlook, reason, data, code, scheme, dogma, principles, doctrine, law, method, premise, postulate, foundation, approach, possibility, thesis, conditions, possible action, presupposition, possibleness, surmise, surmisal, postulation, philosophy, belief, basis, argument, provision, system, assumption

idea (part of speech: noun)

ideation, observation, perception, conception, inspiration, vision, principle, consideration, concept, opinion, thought, design, image, brainstorm, idea, reflection, plan, supposition, notion, inkling

supposition (part of speech: noun)

presumption, hypothesis, prophecy, speculation, guess, imagination, fantasy, conjecture

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