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Definition of understanding : 1. An agreement of opinion or feeling; adjustment of differences; harmony; anything mutually understood or agreed upon; as, to come to an understanding with another.
2. Knowing; intelligent; skillful; as, he is an understanding man.
3. of Understand
4. Specifically, the discursive faculty; the faculty of knowing by the medium or use of general conceptions or relations. In this sense it is contrasted with, and distinguished from, the reason.
5. The act of one who understands a thing, in any sense of the verb; knowledge; discernment; comprehension; interpretation; explanation.
6. The power to understand; the intellectual faculty; the intelligence; the rational powers collectively conceived an designated; the higher capacities of the intellect; the power to distinguish truth from falsehood, and to adapt means to ends.

Synonyms:

judgment, disposition, spirit, ground, reasonableness, generous, hold, cause, correspondence, wit, brainpower, grounds, arrest, patient, grasp, perceptive, appreciation, taking into custody, taste, sagacity, judgement, sagaciousness, dread, perceptiveness, instinct, discretion, kindly, ability, agree, apprehension, empathic, sympathy, soul, discernment, feeling, bargain, catch, grip, understand, smart, apprehensiveness, consciousness, misgiving, sense, collar, savvy, pinch, fellow feeling

gathering, trusting, presuming, holding, supposing, concluding, accepting, judging, crediting, affirming, maintaining, assuming, declaring, assenting, putting faith in, surmising, taking for granted, believing, professing, giving faith, deeming

capitulating, agreeable, congenial, compatible, empathetic, consensual, pleasant, friendly, amiable, co-operative, harmonious, willing, acquiescent, concordant, likeable

guarantee, mutual agreement, engagement, assurance, oath, vow, obligation

egghead, intellectual, cerebral, brainy, intelligent, rational, psychological

discovering, realizing, absorbing, gleaning, grasping, comprehending, studying, digesting, reading, learning, mastering, assimilating

knowing, discerning, recognizing, perceiving

accordance, acquiescence, deal, bond, assent, compact, accession, concordance, concurrence, pledge, unanimity, consensus, arrangement, pact, consent, capitulation, stipulation, agreement, contract, empathy, promise, settlement, treaty, covenant, acceptance, concord, accord

know-how, information, knowledge, wisdom, erudition, ken, education, cognizance

mind, rationality, brain, capacity, intelligence, brain-power, mentality, intellect, cerebration, reasoning, comprehension, thinking, thought, reason

responsive, compassionate, sympathetic

Usage examples:

• She must tell it all now, and she felt sure he was hearing and understanding all she said. - "Somehow Good", William de Morgan.
• Really- really- really, to have lived to that age, and to have no better understanding! - "A College Girl", Mrs. George de Horne Vaizey.
• My father thinks that we might come to an understanding. - "Ralph the Heir", Anthony Trollope.