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Definition of arithmetic : 1. A book containing the principles of this science.
2. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.

Synonyms:

figure, arithmetical, number

estimation, statistics, calculus, gauge, thought, approximation, value, consideration, judgement, mathematics, tally, evaluation, account, supposition, presumption, count, rank, calculation, assessment, method, conclusion, schedule, appraisal, program, study, plot, enumeration, system, computation, quantification, score, inference, algorithm, guess, multiplication, sum, deduction, plan, reckoning, valuation, determination, triangulation, division, algebra, scheme, measurement, total

fraction, minuend, integral, multiplicator, factor, denominator, multiple, dividend, differential calculus, reciprocal, geometry, formula, cube, multiplier, root, square root, increment, multiplicand, addition, index, antilogarithm, power, numerator, quadratics, quotient, logarithm, radix, divisor, subtrahend, subtraction, cube root, exponent, modulus, trigonometry, coefficient

algorithmic, statistical, geometric, suppositional, valuational, algebraic, approximate, numerical, rational, systematical, methodical, judgmental, proportional, calculational, computational, mathematical

Usage examples:

• Notwithstanding this, he made fair progress in reading, writing, and arithmetic in one term. - "A Woman's Life-Work Labors and Experiences", Laura S. Haviland.
• Still, on the whole, I believe I'm doing pretty well," thought she, looking proudly at Henry Small's bright face, and remembering too how Mr. Pollard had told her that very morning that his son Nate was learning more arithmetic at her little school than he had ever learned in the city schools. - "Jimmy, Lucy, and All", Sophie May.
• She hated arithmetic with all her might, and she really didn't understand a thing about it! - "Understood Betsy", Dorothy Canfield.